Pedro Domingos name them "learners": software that can "learn" from data.
The simplest way of learning from data is comparing two bytes. How ? Substracting them: A zero means they are equal, different from zero means they are different.
The difference between them is the "error". To correct the error, we modify a "weight" . Its amazing that from that simple concept, all what can be built. In the same way all our software technology comes from a bit, being zero or one.
The perceptron mimics (in a very simple way) the behavior of a brain neuron. The neuron receives several inputs, each one has a weight (stored at the neuron) and the sum of all those inputs times their weights may fire or not an output.
Backpropagation helps to fine tune those weights, and finally the perceptron "adjusts" itself to the right weight for each input to produce the expected output.
AI is already everywhere and will change very much our lives and the way software is developed
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